Bending-tool.



1. N. SClSM.

BENDING TOOL.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 9. 1912.

1 1 59,806 Patented Nov. 9, 1915.

2 SHEETS-SHEET l- J. N. SCISM.

BENDING TOOL.

APPLICATION man MAR. 9. 1912.

6. Patented Nov. 9, 1915.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2- fly Z1. 01 I2 20.

'III'IIIIIIIIII'II COLUMBIA PLANOORAPH CO-IWASHINGTON. n. c.

UNITED JOHN N. SCISM, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

BENDING-TOOL.

Application filed March 9, 1912.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, JOHN N. SCISM, a citizenof the United States, residing in the city of New York, borough ofBrooklyn, county of Kings, and State of New York, have invented acertain new and useful Bending-Tool, of which the following is aspecification.

This invention is a bending tool, the same bein adapted for bending theend portion of a metal pipe, and, more particularly, to so prepare theend portion of an iron conduit pipe that is adapted to be coupled to abox or other element, whereby the bent end pipe may be used as a part ofan electrical wiring installation for a building, etc.

The present practice of installing electrical wire conduits requires theuse of tools for cutting threads on the end portions of the conduitpipes for the purpose of coupling said pipes. Such tools are slow andexpensive in operation, particularly when the threading dies must bekept in a sharpened condition, and well oiled when in use, but thisthreading operation often requires the services of'two men, and involvesthe use of additional appliances, such as a vise for holding the piperigidly in position. Even after the thread cutting operation shall havebeen completed, the pipe must be reamed.

The present invention overcomes the disadvantages specified and others,for the reason that it affords means for easily and quickly preparingthe end of a pipe so that it may be coupled to a box or other element,whereby the pipe maybe used as a part of a wiring conduit substantiallyas disclosed in a prior application filed by me on December 21, 1911,Serial No. 667,146, for an invention entitled junction box couplings forelectrical conduits.

The tool of the present invention cinlwdies a structure which is simplein construction and effective in operation. The tool is easily operatedby hand and by a single workman while engaged on the job of installing awiring conduit, thus enabling many of the bending operations to bequickly performed. without resorting to the use of a vise to clamp thepipe rigidly in positicn prior to and during the bending operation.Furthermore, the end portion of the pipe can be more easily prepared,and in less time, than by the common method of cutting a thread on thepipe. Again, any

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Nov. 9, 1915.

Serial No. 682,605.

desired number of lips can be bent on the pipe end. or enough lips canbe bent to produce a substantially continuous flange on the pipe, and inthis latter event, the pipe does not require to be reamed in order toproduce a smooth inner surface through which the wires can be introducedand drawn with facility and without cutting them.

The invention consists of a lever provided with means for bending a lipon the end of a pipe.

It consists, further, of a lever provided With bending means and withlimiting or stop means for arresting the movement of the lever.

Other features and advantages of the invention will appear from theannexed detailed description.

In the accompanying drawings, I have illustrated different practicalembodiments of the invention, but the constructions shown therein are tobe understood as illustrative, only, and not as defining the limits ofthe invention.

Figure 1 is a side elevation of a bending tool constructed in accordancewith this invention, a part of said tool being shown in vertical sectionand a part of a pipe being shown in elevation and in section, the toolbeing positioned ready to bend a lip upon the pipe. Fig. 2 is ahorizontal section on the line 22 of Fig. 1 through the tool, the pipeto be operated upon being shown in plan. Fig. 3 is a view similar toFig. 1 illustrating another embodiment of the bending tool in operativerelation to a portion of a pipe. the tool being shown in the positionwhich it assumes after bending a lip upon the pipe, which lip is shownin section in said figure. Fig. 4 is a horizontal section through thetool on the line 4&4: of Fig. 3, the pipe and the bent lip thereof beingshown in plan. one of the jaws being omitted. Fig. 5 is a side elevationof a double tool head adapted to produce two sets of complementary jaws,for the purpose of bending pipes, the walls of which vary in thickness.Fig. 6 is a plan view of another form of tool embodying the invention.Fig. 7 is a transverse section on the line 77 of Fig. 6. Fig. 8 is aside elevation, partly in vertical section. illustrating the tool ofFigs. 6 and 7 applied in operative position to the end portion of apipe, the plane of the section in Fig. 8 being indicated by the dottedline 88 of Fig. 6. Fig. 9 is an under or bottom plan view of the deviceshown in Figs. 6, 7 and 8. Fig. 10 is a side elevation, partly insection. illustrating another embodiment of a tool somewhat similar toFig. 8, but illustrating the employment of two levers and two sets ofbending jaws in conjunction with a single fulcrum block. Fig. 11 is adetail view in plan of a part of the divided and pivoted fulcrum blockem ployed in. the constrrction of Fig. 10. Fig. 1'3 is a side elevation.partly broken away. and in section, 'llustrating another form of thebending tool in operative position upon an end portion of a pipe for thepurpose of bending the latter to produce one or more lips thereon. Fig.13 is a bottom plan view of the device shown in Fig. 112, the pipe beingshown in plan. Fig. 14- is an end view in elevation of the fulcrum blockemployed in the construction of Figs. 12 and 13. Fig. 15 is a sideelevation. partly in vertical section, of a still further embodiment ofthe invention applied to the end portion of a pipe. illustrating theoperation of bending a lip on said end of the pipe. one of the jaws ofthe bending tool being adapted for contact with the inner surface of apipe for the purpose of limiting or arresting the movement of the leverin the operation of bending the lip on said pipe. Fig. 16 is an under orbottom plan view of the tool illustrated in Fig. 17. the position of thetool with. respect to the pipe being shown in full lines. Fig. 17 is aside elevation of a still further embodiment of the invention whereinthe tool is provided with a double head adapted for operation upon apipe the walls of which vary in thickness. Fig. 18 is a side elevationof a still further embodiment of the invention wherein the lever has acam action upon the bending jaws. Fig. 19 is a side elevation. partly invertical section. of a still further embodiment of the invention, thetool being shown in the position which the parts assume after bendingthe lip upon the end of a pip Figs. 20, 21 and 22 are a bottom planview. a side elevation. and an end view of a ja adapted to serve as thefulcrum for the lever when bending a lip upon a pipe end. Fig. 2?) is anend view of the pipe, the full lines illustrat ng a lip formed upon thepipe and the dotted lines illustrating the operations of bending asuccession of the lips in order to produce a substantially continuousflange upon the pipe end.

The tool illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2 cmbcdies a lever A, a fulcrummember B. and two cooperating jaws C, D, jaw C being illustrated as apart of lever A, whereas jaw D is a part of fulcrum member B. As shown,the fulcrum member is a block or casting adapted to support lever A inoperative relation to an end portion of pipe X. The fulcrum block isprovided with an inner curved face I), the C111" ature of whichcorresponds substantially to the external curvature of the pipe uponwhich the tool is to operate, and this fulcrum block is provided at itslower portion with a foot-piece b, and near its upper portion with aninternal rib 6 said fulcrum rib being positioned transversely upon theinner face of the fulcrum block, and said rib being formed with twoinclined faces meeting at an apex. The fulcrum block is enlarged at itsupper external portion so as to produce a curved bearing surface 12Lever A may be of any desired form and dimensions, and at one endportion of the lever it is so formed as to produce a laterally extendingjaw C. The inner face of this jaw C is curved at c to con-- form to thecurvature of the inner surface of the pipe upon which the tool is tooperate, and at the upper part of this curved surface the jaw isprovided with a ledge or shoulder 0 adapted to rest upon the top edge ofpipe X, for the purpose of limiting the movement of the jaw wheninserted into the pipe, whereby the tool is adapted to be accuratelypositioned upon the end portion of the pipe when said tool is initiallyapplied thereto. Lever A at one side of the jaw is enlarged at a, and anedge portion of this enlarged part of the lever is curved or rounded ata. thereby forming a bearing edge. the arc of which is concentric to thebearing edge B of ful crum block B, said edges N, a of the fulcrum blockand the lever respectively being struck from a center positioned at theapex of the bending rib b on the fulcrum block. whereby the lever A isadapted to move in an arc of a circle having its center at the apex ofthe double beveled rib 6 The lever A and the fulcrum block areoperatively connected bv plates E positioned at the respective sides ofthe lever and the fulcrum block. Said plates are fastened rigidlv to theenlarged part a of the lever bv screws, rivets, or other equivalents e,and these plates are provided with curved slots 6. The slotted parts ofplates E lap o er the enlarged curved part b of the fulcrum block, andsaid fulcrum block is provided with studs or a pin 0 which engage withthe plates E so that the parts are connected looselv together for thepurpose of permitting the lever to have the desired movement relative tothe fulcrum block.

The operation of the tool shown in Figs. 1 and 2 is as follows: The toolis fitted to the end portion of pipe X by inserting jaw C into the endof the pipe until its movement is arrested by ledge c. The fulcrum blockB is positioned upon the outside of the pipe. the foot-piece b restingupon said pipe and the rib bbeing in contact with the pipe near the openend thereof. Pressure is applied to lever A in the direction indicatedby the arrow w, the effect of which is to cause the curved edge a of thelever to ride upon the curved edge b of the fulcrum block, and to causejaw C to press upon that part of the pipe above rib b on the fulcrumblock. The lever at the completion of the bending operation assumes aninclined position substan tially as shown by the lever of Fig. 3,whereby the fulcrum block is pressed into firm engagcment with the pipeand jaw C operates upon an end portion of the pipe to bend said endportion outwardly until the edge of the pipe is brought into contactwith the surface d of the bearing block above rib Z1 thus resulting inthe production of a lip upon the end portion of the pipe. The tool maybe shifted part way around the pipe in order to assume another operativeposition upon said pipe, for the purpose of bending another lip thereon,and this operation of successively bending the pipe by the applicationof pressure to the tool may be repeated indefinitely until asubstantially continuous flange is produced on the end portion of thepipe.

The bending tool shown in Figs. 3 and t is quite similar in constructionand operation to the tool of Figs. 1 and 2. Fulcrum block B and lever Aare operatively connected by plates E. The fulcrum block is providedwith the curved bearing rib b and lever A is provided with jaw C andwith a curved bearing edge a. the curvature of the edges 6 0; being inarcs of circles struck near the center of a lip or shoulder 6*, similarin some respects to the rib b of the block B in Fig. 1, whereby the edgea of the lever is adapted to have firm bearing upon edge 72 of thefulcrum block. The inner face of fulcrum block 13 is curved to conformto the external curvature of the pipe X, and said inner bearing face iscut away at its upper part to form jaw D, a part of the inner face ofblock B being serrated at 7/, in order to have gripping engagement withthe exterior surface of the pipe. Jaw C is provided with a stop shoulder0. The enlarged bearing portion 5 of the bearing block is formed withlaterally extending flanges or ribs the inner edges of which are curvedconcentrically to the edges 5 a. Plates E are se cured firmly at e to anenlarged part a of the lever. and these plates are provided withinturned flanges f. the latter snugly embracing the flanges f on thefulcrum block, as shown in Fig. 4. whereby the lever A and fulcrum blockB are operatively connected together.

\Vhen the tool of Figs. 3 and 4 is positioned upon the pipe, block Benga es with the exterior surface of the pipe, and jaw (l' enters theend portion of the pipe, the entering movement of the jaw being arrestedby shoulder 0'. The lever being in a horizontal position, and at a rightangle to the pipe pressure is applied to said lever to move it in thedirection indicated by the arrow 00, whereby the jaw C exerts pressureinternally of the pipe and upon an end portion thereof, for the purposeof forcing a part of the pipe wall in an outward direction, and intocontact with jaw D, thus producing a lip upon the end portion of thepipe.

It should be noted that when the lever of the tools shown in Figs. 1 and3 is pressed in a downward direction, the bearing edge a of the leverrides upon the bearing edge 6 of the fulcrum block, but the desiredmovement of the lever in the operation of bending the lip on the pipe islimited or arrested by the lip on the pipe coming into contact with thesurface at on the fulcrum block. This contact of the lip with thesurface d of the fulcrum block limits the movement of the lever in thedirection required to bend the. end of the pipe to produce said lipthere on, and the operation of the lever is thus rendered uniform inbending successive lips on the pipe, as a result of which all the lipswill be bent uniformly and regularly so as to insure a good job of work,whereby the bent end of the pipe is adapted for use in connection withcoupling means, for the purpose of attaching said bent end of the pipeto a junction box or other element, substantially as disclosed in myprior application.

The tool illustrated in Figs. 6, 7, 8 and 9 of the drawings embodies thegeneric elements of the lever and the fulcrum block. substantially ashereinbefore described, said lever in these figures of the drawingsbeing indicated at F. and the fulcrum block at G. The fulcrum block isadapted to be positioned externally upon the end portion of the pipe.and for this purpose said block is provided in its under face with arecess the diameter of which somewhat cXceeds the external diameter ofpipe X upon which the tool is to operate. The recess ,1 is partly closedat the top of the fulcrum block by flange 9. said flange being adaptedto rest upon the end face of the pipe, as shown in dotted lines in Fig.8. The fulcrum block is slotted or cut away at one side at 0 and throughthis slot or cut away portion of the block extends a jaw H, the latterbeing applied to the under side of lever F, and secured rigidly theretobv a screw it. Lever F is formed at one end to provide a jaw l. the jawsH. I. corresponding to the iaws (l. D of Fig. .l. and the jaws C. D ofFig. Jaw I on the end of the lever is extended through the openingformed by the flange at the top of fulcrum block (l, so that jaw I isadapted to extend into the pipe for the pur pose of contacting with onewall thereof when the tool is placed in operative position upon saidpipe. The lever and the fulcrum block are operatively connected by astrap the latter embracing lever F at a point tie adjacent to "jaw I,and said strap being attached rigidly to the lever by rivets j orequivalent fastenings. The end portions of the strap areeXtended-beyond'the lever so as to have lapping relation to the sides offulcrum block G, and said strap is attached pivotallv to the fulcrumblock by pins or rivets j. The jaw H extends into the slot 9 of thefulcrum block so as to lie below an abutment Jr of said block. The freeend of said jaw H is curved to conform to the external surface of'thepipe, said free end of the jaw being adapted to contact with said pipeat a point below the extremity or end face of the pipe. The lever isadapted to swing in an arc of a circle struck from the end face of jawH, the pivots 7" being positioned in the plane of the end of jaw H onwhich the lever is adapted to swing as a center. Jaw I on the endportion of the lever is of sufficient length to extend well down intothe pipe, and when the lever is moved from its horizontal initialposition to its final operative position, the jaw I is adapted tocontact with the inner surface of the pipe, for the purpose of acting asa stop in arresting the bending movement of the lever.

The operation of the tool shown in Figs. 6, 7, 8, and 9 is as follows:The fulcrum block is slipped over the end of the pipe so that flange gwill rest upon said end of the pipe to limit the introduction of jawinto the pipe, and accurately determine the position of the tool withrelation to said pipe. The jaw H is in contact externally with the pipeand the lever extends outwardly from the pipe substantially at rightangles thereto. Pressure is applied to the lever to force it in thedirection indicated by the arrow or in Fig. 8, and thus the jaw I exertspressure upon an end portion of the pipe for the purpose of bending saidend portion of the pipe in an outward direction until the edge of thepipe contacts with the abutment G of the fulcrum block. The lever swings'on the center afforded by pivot j and by the free end of jaw H, thelatter acting as the real fulcrum for the lever, so that the pipe willbe bent outwardly from the lower edge of said jaw H. The lever isreturned to a horizontal position, in order to release the tool from thebent pipe, and the tool may then be shifted around the pipe to anotheroperative position, the operations being repeated as many times as it isdesired to produce lips upon the end of the pipe. It should be notedthat fulcrum block G is provided at its under side with a plate It, thelatter being positioned at the opposite side of the block from jaw H.This plate it is fastened firmly to the block and it is positioned forengagement with pipe X so as to assist in determining the position ofthe tool when applied to the pipe end.

greases In Figs. 10 and 11 I have illustrated a form of tool somewhatsimilar to that of Figs. 6 to 9, inclusive, except that two levers F, Fare used in conjunction with a fulcrum block G This fulcrum block isdivided or split centrally on the line indicated at 9 thus producing twomembers which are hingedly or pivotally connected at 5 The split orhinged fulcrum block is adapted to be opened or spread in order to applythe tool to the end portion of a pipe, said fulcrum block being providedwith a recess similar to the recess g, and with a flange similar to theflange g, in order that the fulcrum block may be operatively positionedupon the end portion of pipe X. The levers F, F are provided with strapssimilar to the strap J, and these levers are connected with the fulcrumblock at the respective sides of the hinge 9 Each lever is provided witha jaw similar to the jaw I, and internally of the fulcrum block is anabutment 9 serving the purposes of jaw H. \Vhen the tool of Figs. 10 and11 is applied to the end portion of pipe X, the 5- jaws I of said-leversextend into the pipe. Pressure may be applied simultaneously to thelevers, for the purpose of moving them from horizontal positions to the.inclined position shown in Fig. 10, and thus the jaws I exert pressuresimultaneously upon two parts of the pipe, for the purpose of bendingsaid pipe outwardly, the bent portion of the pipe beginning at theabutment g and inclining outwardly until the edge of the pipe comes incontact with the inner surface of the block, after which the levers arereturned to their horizontal positions, and the tool may then be shiftedto a. new operative position upon the pipe, or it may be removedtherefrom.

The tool shown in Figs. l2, l3 and 14 of the drawings embodies a lever Kand a fulcrum block L corresponding in a generic sense to the levers andfulcrum blocks heretofore described, except that fulcrum block L isadapted to be positioned partly within and partly without the pipe. Thisfulcrum block L consists of a substantially cylindrical member providedat its upper part with an enlarged flange Z, said flange being enlargedat one side to form a depending foot-piece Z, the latter being adaptedto limit the outward bending of the lip. The

block L is provided with a recess m and with a curved bearing face m.Lever K is enlarged at one end to form a jaw M adapted to extend intothe recess in of the fulcrum block. The lower part of this jaw isenlarged and provided with a curved edge m said curved edge being fittedsnugly into contact with the curved bearing face m, whereby the jaw andthe lever are adapted to turn within the recessed part of block L. LeverK is provided with a strap N lt tf attached rigidly thereto by rivets n.The legs of the strap extend downwardly into overlapping relation to thedepending footpiece 5 of the block, and said legs of the strap areconnected pivotally by rivets n to the foot-piece of the bearing block,thus operativelv connecting the lever and the bearing block. Theenlarged part Z of the bearing block is provided with another recess 0,the face of which forms an abutment 0.

When using the tool of Figs. 12, 13 and 14, the block L is slipped intothe end of the pipe until flange Z rests upon said pipe. Lever K may bedepressed to an inclined position, thereby causing jaw M to exertpressure upon the end of the pipe, so as to force a part of the pipeoutwardly until it comes into contact with abutment 0, thus resulting inthe production of a lip upon the end portion of the pipe. Obviously, thelever may be raised and the tool shifted to a new position, or said toolmay be with drawn. from the pipe.

The tool illustrated in Fig. 15 is quite similar to some forms of thetool heretofore described. It embodies a lever P and a fulcrum block Q.This fulcrum block is adapted to be positioned externally upon and incontact with pipe X. The upper part of block Q is slotted at q and abovethis slot the block is provided with a ledge and an abutment Q. Lever Pis formed at one end to produce a jaw P, the length of said jaw beingsuch that it will contact with the inner surface of the pipe when thelever is pressed to an inclined operative position, whereby the jaw Poperates to bend the end portion of the pipe until the resulting lipcontacts with the abutment Q, the lower extremity of the jaw P operatingby its contact with the inner surface of the pipe to limit the movementof the lever, and correspondingly limit the bending of the pipe toproduce the lip thereon. The fulcrum block Q and lever P are operativelyconnected by plate R, the latter being secured firmly to the lever by ascrew r. he plate R extends into the slot 9 of fulcrum block Q, and. apin 7* passes through the fulcrum block of the plate R so as topivotally connect the lever and the fulcrum block. The operation of thetool will be readily apparent from the preceding description.

The tool illustrated in Figs. 16, 17, 20, 21 and 22 embodies a set ofcomplemental aws or two sets of complemental jaws, one jaw of each setbeing constructed in the novel manner shown in Figs. 20 to '22,inclusive. I will describe the tool as having a double head,substantially shown in Figs. 5 and 17, but it will be understood that asingle head may be employed. Lever S is enlarged at one end portion soas to produce a head 8 and two jaws T, T, said jaws extending inopposite directions from head 8. Each jaw is provided with an innerconvex face 6, and when one jaw or the other is thrust into the endportion of a pipe, the convex face t is adapted to contact with theinner surface of said pipe. U, U are jaws made separate from the leverand attached firmly thereto in positions to cooperate with jaws T, T,respectively. As shown, the separable jaws U, U are seated in recessedparts s ')f the lever, and said jaws are fastened firmly to the lever bya single bolt u and a out it, said bolt passing through the jaws ind thelever in a manner to secure jaws U, l in immovable relation to the leverand the cooperating jaws T, T. Each jaw U, U is provided with anoperative end constructed in the manner shown in Figs. 20 to 22,inclusive. The operative end of the jaw is curved to produce a concaveface '11, and said operative end is provided with a flange 0, saidflange being at an obtuse angle to the under face 0 of the jaw. Theconcave face '0 on the end of the jaw is perpendicular to the under face'0 of said jaw, whereas the face of the flange 1) is at an obtuse angleto the under face 12 The operative end of the jaw thus has twodifferently positioned faces, as indicated in full lines in Fig. 20, andin dotted lines in Figs. 21 and 22. The inclined face of the flange 1:acts as a fulcrum for the lever when the tool is positioned inengagement with the pipe, and the perpendicular curved face of said jawacts as an abutment in limiting the bending of the lip upon the pipeend.

In Fig. 17 the jaw U coiiperates with the jaw '1, so that the tool isadapted to be positioned upon a pipe of one size, say one-half inch indiameter, for the purpose of bending a lip on this particular size ofpipe, whereas the jaws U and T are positioned in such relation to eachother that they will operate upon a pipe of a different diameter, say athree-quarter inch pipe. Obviously, the pipes of different diametershave walls of different thicknesses, and the jaws U, T, as well as thejaws U, T, are so spaced that they will accommodate themselves to thedifferent thicknesses of the pipes of different diameters. When the toolis placed upon a pipe of a given diameter having a wall of predeterminedthickness, the end portion of the pipe is positioned between thecomplemental jaws. \Vhen pressure is applied to the lever, the outer jawacts as the fulcrum and the inner jaw exerts pressure upon the pipe, theresult of which is to bend a lip on the pipe, the deflection of themetal in the operation of bending the lip being de termined by thecurved face upon the operative end of the outer jaw.

In Fig. 18 the tool embodies a member W having a jaw w, a lever W and asliding jaw W The member WV is provided with with a cam w, saidcamacting against the sliding aw in a manner to press the latter into firmcontact with the pipe, whereby the pipe Willbe gripped. between thefixed jaw and the sliding jaw in a manner tobend thelip on-the pipe whenthe lever is pressed in downward direction.

The tool of Fig. 18 is quite similar to"- some of the tools heretoforedescribed, except that the means for limiting the movement of the leveris. positioned externally of the pipe. Lever Zis enlarged so as. to forma stop member 2. Thislever is provided with a jaw Z! adapted. toentergthe pipe, and anotherjaw Z" positioned to engage externally withthe pipe. The jaw Z maybe madein one piece with the lever, or said jawmay be made in a separate piece which is. attached to the lever by ascrew 2. The tool is positioned upon the end portion of the pipe for theaws Z, Z to engage internally and externally with said pipe, and whenthe level-is moved to the inclined position, the jaws cooperateiii-bending the. lip on the pipe, whereas the stop. member 2 is broughtinto contact externally with the pipe so as to limit the operativemovement of the lever.

In Fig. the pipe X is shown as having a single lip 00 formed thereonbythe operation of any one of the tools heretofore described. Afterbending the lip 06 the tool may be shifted to another operative positionso as to form the lip :2 shown in dotted lines in Fig. 23, and theseoperations may be repeated indefinitely until the end portion of thepipe is bent successively so as to result'in aseries of lips whichproduce a substantially continuous flange, as indicated at a in Fig. 23.WVhen thetool is provided with a jaw, the operative end of which isformed with a slot or groove o, intersecting with the biting edge u, as.shown in Fig. 20,. the pressure of the tool against the pipe will bedivided between. the biting edges, thereby decreasing the tendency tobend the; wall of the pipe inwardly thereof at the point of bearing bythe tool upon thev pipe.

It should be noted that, in practically all forms of tool hereindisclosed, the cooperating jaws are spaced relatively to each other, soas to receive, in the space thus provided, a wall of the pipe at one endthereof, the opposing surfaces of said jaws. being curved tosubstantially conform to the sur faces of the pipe, a suflicient spacebeing left or provided into which the metal of the pipe Lever W isfulcrumed at.

can be deflected when pressure is applied by the, lever, or itsequivalent, to "that jaw which. is tobo positioned internally of thepipe, said deflected metal producing a lip or lips on the end portion ofthe pipe.

Having thus fully described the invention, what I claim as new, anddesire to secure byLetters Patent is:

1. A bending tool for forming lip upon theend, portion of a pipeembodying alever, a pair of cooperating jaws spaced relatively to eachother to receive a wall of a pipe at one'end thereof, and means servingas a fulcrum for the lever whereby said lever operates tosimove one jawthereof relatively to the-other to bend the metal toward the other 2. A.bend-ingaool for forming a-lip upon the; end portionof a. pipe embodyinga lever, a pair of coiiperating jaws spaced relatively to each other toreceive a wall of a pipe at one end thereof, means positioned relativelyto: the lever to act as afulcrum therefor in J bending the wall ofthepipe at one end portion; thereof, and-means cooperating. with thelever, whereby, upon the operating of the. tool, said lever operates tomove one jaw thereof relatively to the other to bend the metal towardthe otherjaw.

3. A tool for bending a lip on the end portion ofa pipe; embodyinglever, and a pair of p ra g. jaws operatedby the lever torbend the metalon an end portion-of a pipe, one-of. said .ja'ws occupying a cooperativerelation to the lever for limiting the movement thereof the direction.in which the lip is bent on the pipe, whereby said leveroperates to moveone jaw thereof relatively tothe other to, bend themetal toward the:other jaw.

4. A tool for bending a lip onan end portion of a pipe embodying alever, a. pair of cooperating jaws, said jaws being provided with curvedopposed surfaces and said jaw-s; being spaced to produce betweenthemselves a groove or slot adapted to receive the thickness of a pipeend to bebent into a lip, and a member in cooperative relation to theleverto servev as the fulcrum thereof when pressure is applied to: thelever, whereby said lever operates to. move one jaw thereof relativelyto the other to bend. the metal towar the other jaw.

5. Abendi-ng tool for forminga lipupon the end portion of a pipe,embodying a pair 1 of cooperating jaws Which. are connected and spacedrelatively to each other, and so formed that one jaw is adapted toengage with theend portion. of the pipe on which the tool is adapted tocooperate interiorly' Ill) erating the interiorly positioned jawlaterally of the longitudinal axis of the pipe to apply pressureinteriorly of the pipe for the purpose of bending a portion of the wallof the pipe outwardly.

6. A. bending tool for forming a lip upon the end portion of a pipe,embodying a pair of cooperating jaws which are connected and spacedrelatively to each other, and so formed that one jaw is adapted toengage with the end portion of the pipe on which the tool is adapted tocooperate interiorly thereof, and the other is adapted for simultaneousengagement with said pipe exteriorly thereof, a part of said jawengaging with. said pipe below that portion of thepipe which is to bebent, and means for operating the interiorly positioned jaw laterally ofthe longitudinal axis of the pipe to apply pressure interiorly of thepipe for the purpose of bending a portion of the wall of the pipeoutwardly, that portion of the jaw which engages with the pipe, belowthe portion thereof which is to be bent, being adapted to limit thebending action of the tool for the purpose of precluding the formationof too great a bend.

7. A bending tool for forming a lip upon he end portion of a pipeembodying a pair of connected cooperating jaws the opposing surfaces ofwhich are complementarily curved, and one of said jaws being longer thanthe other, and including an abutment against which the pipe is forced inthe bending operation, whereby, when the tool is operated the longer jawserves to preclude the fin-mation of a bend of too great a lateralmitension.

8. ill bending tool for forming a lip upon the end portion of a pipeembodying a pair of cooperating 'aws positioned in spaced rclation, oneof said jaws being longer than he other, and one of said jaws embodyingmovable ember adapted at all times t contact with the pipe being bent,means for oj'icratu j said jaws, and means for limiting .2 of lateralextension formed on the pipe.

9. In a bending tool for forming a lip upon the end portion of a pipe,the combination of a lever, nd a pair of cooperating jaws on said leverone of which is loosely mounted for engagement with the pipe at alltin'ies irrespective of the angular relation of the lever thereto.whereby said loose jaw serves as a fulcrum for the lever in theoperation of the other jaw in forming a lateral extension from the wallof the pipe.

10. In a bending tool for forming a lateral extension noon the end of atubular member, the combination with a lever having a fixed jaw adaptedto be positioned interiorly of the tubular member, and a movable jawmounted on the lever and adapted to be positioned exteriorly of thetubular member, the operation of the lever causing the fixed jaw to movelaterally of the longitudinal axis of the tubular member, exertingpressure interiorly of the wall and forcing a portion of said walloutwardly.

11. In a bending tool for forming a lateral extension upon the endportion of a pipe, a fulcrum member, a lever connected therewith, and anelongated jaw the lower end of which is adapted to contact with thepipe, when said pipe has been bent the desired distance, to precludefurther bending of the pipe.

12. A bending tool embodying a lever, a pair of cooperating jawspositioned to receive between themselves a wall of a pipe at one endthereof, fulcrum means for said lever, and means for limiting themovement of the lever when the latter is operated to apply pressure tothe internally positioned jaw.

13. A. bending tool embodying a fulcrum member, a lever, a pair ofcooperating jaws spaced relatively to each other to receive betweenthemselves a wall of a pipe at one end thereof, and means for limitingthe movement of the lever upon the operation of the latter in adirection to apply pressure to the internally positioned jaw forproducing a lip upon the pipe at the end portion thereof.

14. A bending tool embodying a fulcrum member, a lever, a pair ofcooperating jaws spaced relatively to each other to receive between.themselvcs a wall of a pipe at one end thereof, the opposing surfaces ofsaid spaced jaws being curved to grip the end portion of the pipe end,and means for limiting the movement of the lever upon the operation ofthe latter in a direction to apply pressure to the internally positionedjaw for producing a lip upon the pipe.

15. A bending tool for forming a lip upon the end portion of a tubularmember embodying a lever provided with a pair of cooperating relativelymovable spaced jaws adapted to engage opposite sides of a wall of thetubular member, movement of the lever serving to effect relativemovement of the jaws and thereby to bend a portion of the end of thetubular member.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in thepresence of two subscribing witnesses.

JOHN N. SCISM.

Witnesses:

H. I. BnRNHooo, J. S. MOTHERSHEAD.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressingthe Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. 0.

